What is scarring alopecia?

Scarring alopecia is a form of hair loss characterised by inflammation that destroys hair follicles and replaces them with scar tissue. This scar tissue makes it impossible for new hair to grow, resulting in permanent hair loss in the affected areas. This condition can occur at any age and affects both men and women.

What are the causes of scarring alopecia?

The exact causes of scarring alopecia are not always clear. It is often considered an autoimmune disease, where the immune system inadvertently attacks and destroys healthy hair follicles. Other possible causes include genetics, infectious diseases, trauma, or even certain medications. The inflammation that occurs is a major factor in the formation of scarring tissue, eventually leading to permanent hair loss.

Sightful features of scarring alopecia

Scarring alopecia can cause several symptoms, including a red, inflamed scalp, scaly or shiny patches on the scalp, and of course the most important feature: scarring of the affected areas. These scars can vary in size and shape, depending on the severity and duration of the inflammation. Sometimes the scarring can even be painful and accompanied by itching or burning.

How is scarring alopecia diagnosed?

Diagnosing scarring alopecia can be challenging, as it is often confused with other forms of hair loss. A dermatologist will usually perform a physical examination, along with a biopsy of the affected skin, to confirm the diagnosis. Sometimes, additional investigations may be needed to rule out underlying causes. An early and accurate diagnosis is essential for managing the condition and preventing further scarring.

Forms of alopecia without scarring

As opposed to scarring alopecia, there are also forms of alopecia that do not cause scarring. Examples include alopecia areata, in which the immune system attacks healthy hair follicles without scarring, and telogen effluvium, in which hair loss occurs due to stress, hormonal changes, or other external factors. Traction alopecia is yet another form of hair loss in which repeated stress on the hair follicles leads to hair loss, but without permanent scarring. This form of Alopecia is often seen in people who wear tight hairstyles such as braids, ponytails or hair extensions. Although the hair follicles can become damaged, the likelihood of scarring is low, which usually allows the hair to grow back if the stress on the follicles is reduced.

What can you do about scarring alopecia?

Happily, there is currently no known cure for scarring alopecia through the use of products. Most treatments focus on controlling inflammation and preventing further scarring.

However, for some patients, hair transplantation may be an option to improve appearance. According to a study on the effect of a hair transplant in people with scarring alopecia on the head and neck, a hair transplant can be an effective treatment option. The research showed that hair transplantation in these patients can help restore hair growth and improve the appearance of the scalp. This is because a hair transplant moves healthy hair follicles from a donor site to the affected area, creating new hair growth. Moreover, the transplanted hair follicles usually prove resistant to the condition that caused the original hair loss, ensuring long-term results. It is important to consult an experienced dermatologist or hair transplant surgeon to determine whether this treatment is suitable for your specific situation.